{"id":6925,"date":"2024-12-12T09:32:40","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T08:32:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/?p=6925"},"modified":"2024-12-12T10:09:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T09:09:00","slug":"geostatistics-against-malaria-recognizing-and-combating-insecticide-resistance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/en\/news\/data-science\/geostatistics-against-malaria-recognizing-and-combating-insecticide-resistance\/","title":{"rendered":"Geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics against malaria: recogni\u00adzing and comba\u00adting insec\u00adti\u00adcide resis\u00adtance"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6925\" class=\"elementor elementor-6925 elementor-6873\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f0c233 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height red noisy elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"8f0c233\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-463b507\" data-id=\"463b507\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01be36e elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"01be36e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Malaria-Muecke-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6951\" alt=\"Nahaufnahme einer M\u00fccke\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Malaria-Muecke-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Malaria-Muecke-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Malaria-Muecke-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Malaria-Muecke-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Malaria-Muecke.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-25f6583 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"25f6583\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b9e5a52\" data-id=\"b9e5a52\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aed6906 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aed6906\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics against malaria: recogni\u00adzing and comba\u00adting insec\u00adti\u00adcide resis\u00adtance<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75a26ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"75a26ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-db030de elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-custom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVon Niclas Erben\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-2efc209 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>December 12, 2024<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f562ac5 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f562ac5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1460892\" data-id=\"1460892\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb960c3 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb960c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Share post:<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a47970 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--skin-minimal elementor-share-buttons--color-custom elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-share-buttons--shape-circle elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"6a47970\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_xing\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on xing\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-xing\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-529b227 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"529b227\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8728fe\" data-id=\"c8728fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20b20ce maths elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20b20ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Malaria is one of the most dange\u00adrous diseases in tropical regions, parti\u00adcu\u00adlarly in sub-Saharan Africa. An incre\u00adasing chall\u00adenge in the fight against this disease is the develo\u00adp\u00adment of insec\u00adti\u00adcide resis\u00adtance, which makes proven protec\u00adtive measures more diffi\u00adcult. In this article, you will learn how geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics is being used in malaria control to accura\u00adtely detect and map resis\u00adtance and develop data-based strate\u00adgies. Discover how innova\u00adtive geosta\u00adtis\u00adtical methods are helping to contain malaria more effec\u00adtively and save lives.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91beb28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"91beb28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Malaria: a global health threat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fb29bd maths elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fb29bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Malaria is one of the most serious diseases in tropical regions, especi\u00adally in sub-Saharan Africa. It is trans\u00admitted by the <em>Plasmo\u00addium<\/em> parasite, which enters the human body through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito. Every year, the disease kills hundreds of thousands of people, especi\u00adally children and pregnant women.  <\/p>\n<p>To combat the disease, many regions rely on measures such as insec\u00adti\u00adcide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying. However, the incre\u00adasing develo\u00adp\u00adment of insec\u00adti\u00adcide resis\u00adtance poses a major chall\u00adenge. This is precisely where geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics against malaria comes in to develop data-based solutions.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2fe5de elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a2fe5de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is insec\u00adti\u00adcide resis\u00adtance?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37290fb maths elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37290fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Insec\u00adti\u00adcide resis\u00adtance occurs when mosquito popula\u00adtions adapt to certain insec\u00adti\u00adcides and these lose their effec\u00adti\u00adve\u00adness. Tests under controlled condi\u00adtions help to identify resis\u00adtance. A popula\u00adtion is considered resistant if a signi\u00adfi\u00adcant propor\u00adtion of the mosqui\u00adtoes survive the treat\u00adment. Such resis\u00adtance often develops through repeated exposure to the same insec\u00adti\u00adcide over several genera\u00adtions.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b90e0b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b90e0b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why is resis\u00adtance mapping important?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea8d03 maths elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea8d03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">The targeted mapping of insec\u00adti\u00adcide resis\u00adtance is essen\u00adtial in order to effec\u00adtively plan preven\u00adtive measures. Decision-makers need to know where resis\u00adtance occurs and how strong it is. Unfort\u00adu\u00adna\u00adtely, the data is often incom\u00adplete and varies greatly from place to place. This is where geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics against malaria comes into play, using methods such as kriging to close these gaps.   <\/p>\n<p>The follo\u00adwing diagram shows the locations of the resis\u00adtance tests as dots in West Africa. The darker the dot, the stronger the resis\u00adtance measured and the lighter the dot, the more suscep\u00adtible the mosqui\u00adtoes are to the insec\u00adti\u00adcide. As can be seen, there are only a few spot measu\u00adre\u00adments, which alone do not allow compre\u00adhen\u00adsive state\u00adments to be made about larger regions. At this point, we resort to methods such as kriging to close gaps and create a uniform picture.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c4f8b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1c4f8b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/sites-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6881\" alt=\"Eine Karte eines Teils von Afrika, die Resistenztestungen zeigt.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/sites-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/sites-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/sites-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/sites.png 1366w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9723fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f9723fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kriging: A geosta\u00adtis\u00adtical method for mapping<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4614067 maths elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4614067\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Kriging is a method of geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics that uses spatial patterns to estimate values at unknown locations based on existing data. For example, point measu\u00adre\u00adments of insec\u00adti\u00adcide resis\u00adtance can be extended to a larger region to create a consis\u00adtent picture. <\/p>\n<p>This technique helps to provide decision-makers with a sound basis for measures and to make efficient use of limited resources.<\/p>\n<p>The result of the kriging for West Africa can be seen below. The darker the color, the stronger the resis\u00adtance and the lighter the color, the more sensi\u00adtive to the insec\u00adti\u00adcide. This gives a more complete picture of the distri\u00adbu\u00adtion of resis\u00adtance, provi\u00adding decision-makers with a solid basis for targeted measures to counteract the spread of resis\u00adtance at an early stage.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f46317 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5f46317\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kriging-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6883\" alt=\"Eine Karte eines Teils von Afrika, die r\u00e4umliche Resistenzverteilung zeigt.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kriging-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kriging-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kriging-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kriging.png 1366w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eef5365 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eef5365\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The temporal dimen\u00adsion: spatio\u00adtem\u00adporal kriging<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e264896 maths elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e264896\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Resis\u00adtance develops dynami\u00adcally over time. To better under\u00adstand these develo\u00adp\u00adments, spatio\u00adtem\u00adporal kriging combines spatial and temporal data. This advanced method makes it possible to analyze changes in the distri\u00adbu\u00adtion of resis\u00adtance over the years and identify trends at an early stage. This allows precise forecasts to be made in order to plan targeted counter\u00adme\u00ada\u00adsures.   <\/p>\n<p>Decision-makers can not only view the current resis\u00adtance situa\u00adtion but also under\u00adstand how it has changed over the years.<\/p>\n<p>Such a spatio\u00adtem\u00adporal analysis can show whether certain insec\u00adti\u00adcide resis\u00adtances are incre\u00adasing or whether they are gradu\u00adally sprea\u00adding to new areas. This infor\u00adma\u00adtion is of great value when it comes to reacting to trends at an early stage and planning targeted measures. We have done this for the years 2009 to 2017 as an example. You can see the result in the follo\u00adwing graphic. The dynamic situa\u00adtion of insec\u00adti\u00adcide resis\u00adtance is clearly visible.    <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fb597dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fb597dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-df77afb\" data-id=\"df77afb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;slideshow&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_gallery&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:6891,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.m2hycon.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/spatiotemporal_kriging_2009_progressbar.png&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6893,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.m2hycon.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/spatiotemporal_kriging_2010_progressbar.png&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6895,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.m2hycon.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/spatiotemporal_kriging_2011_progressbar.png&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6897,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.m2hycon.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/spatiotemporal_kriging_2012_progressbar.png&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6899,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.m2hycon.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/spatiotemporal_kriging_2013_progressbar.png&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6901,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.m2hycon.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/spatiotemporal_kriging_2014_progressbar.png&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6903,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.m2hycon.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/spatiotemporal_kriging_2015_progressbar.png&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6905,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.m2hycon.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/spatiotemporal_kriging_2016_progressbar.png&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:6907,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.m2hycon.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/12\\\/spatiotemporal_kriging_2017_progressbar.png&quot;}],&quot;background_slideshow_slide_duration&quot;:500,&quot;background_slideshow_transition_duration&quot;:100,&quot;background_slideshow_loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f7da7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4f7da7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1e2c607 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1e2c607\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1095cf0\" data-id=\"1095cf0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33b034f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33b034f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics against malaria: Technical imple\u00admen\u00adta\u00adtion of geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics in Python<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c132ba5 maths elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c132ba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Powerful Python libra\u00adries such as PyKrige and Folium are used for geosta\u00adtis\u00adtical analysis. PyKrige makes it possible to apply various kriging methods to create reliable estimates even for unmea\u00adsured regions. Folium is used to create inter\u00adac\u00adtive maps that clearly visua\u00adlize complex geogra\u00adphic patterns.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16889de elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16889de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclu\u00adsion: Geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics as the key to fighting malaria<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8179196 maths elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8179196\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics against malaria provides a solid basis for making data-based decis\u00adions and planning targeted preven\u00adtion measures. Innova\u00adtive approa\u00adches such as spatio\u00adtem\u00adporal kriging can be used to effec\u00adtively map resis\u00adtance and better under\u00adstand its develo\u00adp\u00adment. In this way, geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics actively contri\u00adbutes to contai\u00adning the spread of malaria and saving human lives.  <\/p>\n<p>Modern geosta\u00adtis\u00adtical methods are making a decisive contri\u00adbu\u00adtion to the global fight against malaria.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd345a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd345a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3454126\" data-id=\"3454126\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f782047 elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"f782047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/m2hycon_ueberuns_team_Niclas_Erben_800x800-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Picture of Niclas Erben\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNiclas Erben\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Data Scien\u00adtist<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e562604 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"e562604\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eeab2a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eeab2a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af34f0d\" 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In this article you will learn how modern geosta\u00adtis\u00adtics against malaria is used to map resis\u00adtance, identify trends and develop effec\u00adtive strate\u00adgies to combat this disease. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":6951,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[206],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Geostatistics against malaria: combating insecticide resistance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Using geostatistics to combat malaria: mapping resistance, identifying trends, developing effective strategies. What data science can do!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.m2hycon.de\/en\/news\/data-science\/geostatistics-against-malaria-recognizing-and-combating-insecticide-resistance\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Geostatistics against malaria: combating insecticide resistance\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Using geostatistics to combat malaria: mapping resistance, identifying trends, developing effective strategies. 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